Research on mechanical and dielectric properties of XLPE cable under accelerated electrical‐thermal aging

Research into the electrical‐thermal aging properties of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has great significance, because of its wide application. This study conducted accelerated electrical‐thermal aging tests on 10‐kV XLPE cable in order to assess the cable's mechanical and dielectric properties. After being aged by applying 34.8‐kV AC voltage at the four temperatures of 90, 103, 114, and 135°C, the cable samples were taken out in five stages according to the aging time and cut into slices. The slices were conducted experiments to test the breaking elongation, tensile strength, gel content, breakdown voltage, and frequency spectrums of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength and gel content of XLPE vary greatly under different aging temperatures, a finding that is associated with the crystallization characteristics of the material. The breakdown voltage shows a slight decreasing trend with aging time. The dielectric constant decreases with aging time in high‐frequency areas (10³–10⁶ Hz), while the dielectric loss factor increases with aging time at low frequencies (10^?2–0 Hz). These two parameters can be used to characterize the degree of aging in cable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三元磁性氮化碳复合光催化剂的制备和表征及其在可见光下去除四环素的应用

g-C3N4作为一种新型有机半导体材料,由于其良好的化学稳定性和可直接利用可见光等优点已经引起了人们的广泛关注,近年来已逐渐将其应用于光催化氧化环境污染物等方面.同时在实际应用中因其光能利用率低、难回收、电子-空穴易复合等缺点也受到了限制.研究发现将四氧化三铁与氮化碳相结合,可以有效提高复合催化剂的光催化活性,而且可回收再利用很大程度上降低成本.采用光催化氧化技术处理实际环境污染物废水时,将光催化剂投入到废水中后,环境及水体的温度往往会对催化剂的催化活性产生一定的影响,导致无法实现最佳的光催化处理效果.制备一种催化活性不受外界温度影响的智能光催化材料是当今面临的一项挑战.我们研究制备了一种具有温度响应的磁性复合光催化剂PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4,其可根据外界温度的不同而表现出不同的光催化活性.温敏型聚合物PNIPAM是一类结构、性能和形态随温度变化而做出响应的功能材料,将光催化材料与温敏型PNIPAM智能高分子材料相结合,实现了智能催化的效果.PNIPAM温敏聚合物在水溶液中存在一个低临界溶解温度,其可以作为开关,通过改变温度实现对光催化过程的控制,达到过程智能化的效果.随着温度的改变,温敏聚合物的溶解状态在临界点附近会发生变化.不同温度对催化速率影响很大,当温度升高到临界值以上,催化反应速率降低很多;当温度降低到临界值以下,催化活性随之升高.这样不仅随时控制反应的进行,还可以通过改变温度控制反应速率.同时,温敏聚合层又相当于一个保护层,可以增强其抗腐蚀能力,提高对内部光催化材料的保护,进而提高其稳定性.众所周知四环素等抗生素类药物生产废水,属于高浓度有机废水,具有一定的毒性,一般较难处理.我们将制备的PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4复合光催化材料用于四环素废水的处理取得了很好的效果.XRD,FT-IR、Raman等表征手段充分证明了我们所制备的三元复合材料PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4的组成及各个组分的存在.并对PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂在不同温度(20和45°C)条件下处理四环素废水进行了系统的研究,从20和45℃的吸附曲线结果可以看出,低温时PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4的吸附性较强,高温时吸附较差.同时PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4低温时具有较高的催化活性,高温时催化活性较低.经过分析可知这种对温度响应的特殊性能与PNIPAM的亲水及疏水性密切相关.另外,通过对PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4复合材料的VSM测试及5次循环实验测试可以看出,PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4复合材料由于Fe3O4的引入而表现出较好的磁性,且在外加磁铁的作用下很容易实现分离回收.另外,PNIPAM/Fe3O4/g-C3N4在经过5次重复利用后其催化活性几乎没有减退,说明催化剂具有很好的稳定性.另一方面,说明我们的复合光催化剂在工业废水等污染治理方面有一定的潜在应用价值.     

The intermediate disorder regime for a directed polymer model on a hierarchical lattice

We study a directed polymer model defined on a hierarchical diamond lattice, where the lattice is constructed recursively through a recipe depending on a branching number $b\in \mathbb{N}$ and a segment number $s\in \mathbb{N}$. When $b\le s$ it is known that the model exhibits strong disorder for all positive values of the inverse temperature $\beta$, and thus weak disorder reigns only for $\beta =0$ (infinite temperature). Our focus is on the so-called intermediate disorder regime in which the inverse temperature $\beta \equiv {\beta }_n$ vanishes at an appropriate rate as the size $n$ of the system grows. Our analysis requires separate treatment for the cases $b<s$ and $b=s$. In the case $b<s$ we prove that when the inverse temperature is taken to be of the form ${\beta }_n=\stackrel{?}{\beta }{(b/s)}^{n/2}$ for $\stackrel{?}{\beta }>0$, the normalized partition function of the system converges weakly as $n\to \infty$ to a distribution $L\left(\stackrel{?}{\beta }\right)$ and does so universally with respect to the initial weight distribution. We prove the convergence using renormalization group type ideas rather than the standard Wiener chaos analysis. In the case $b=s$ we find a critical point in the behavior of the model when the inverse temperature is scaled as ${\beta }_n=\stackrel{?}{\beta }/n$; for an explicitly computable critical value ${\kappa }_b>0$ the variance of the normalized partition function converges to zero with large $n$ when $\stackrel{?}{\beta }\le {\kappa }_b$ and grows without bound when $\stackrel{?}{\beta }>{\kappa }_b$. Finally, we prove a central limit theorem for the normalized partition function when $\stackrel{?}{\beta }\le {\kappa }_b$.     

基于改进的PSO-SVM的音频信号特征识别和分类

针对音频信号准确性分类的问题,提出一种基于改进的的粒子群优化算法(PSO)的支持向量机(SVM)音频信号分类的方法,简称IPSO-SVM.首先用Mel倒谱系数法对4种音频信号进行特征提取.其次在PSO中引入自适应变异因子,能够成功地跳出局部极小值点;然后对PSO中的惯性权重进行了改进,将惯性权重由常数变为指数型递减函数.随着迭代的进行,使权重逐渐减小,这样做有利于粒子进行局部寻优.最后用改进的PSO不断优化SVM中的惩罚因子c和核函数参数g来提高预测精度.实验结果表明,与传统的SVM、PSO-SVM、GA-SVM相比,我们提出的IPSO-SVM算法分类结果更精确.     

Suppression of ringing oscillations from high speed rubber compression curves through a detailed modal characterization of servo-hydraulic machines

System ringing is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of data obtained in high speed dynamic material tests using servo-hydraulic machines. This phenomenon is characterized by vibrations originated by the excitation of predominant modes of the machine during tests, producing distinctive waves in material curves that severely distort the required results. In the specialized literature, the quantitative study of these vibrations has mainly been carried out considering the testing machine as a single degree of freedom system, which has led to a general understanding of the variables involved in the process. However, discrepancies between analytical predictions and experimental observations have been detected using the single degree of freedom approach, so the need for further detailed study of machine dynamic characteristics has been reported. The work presented in this paper addresses this requirement by means of a detailed characterization of the dynamic behavior of a MTS 819.10 high rate testing system. Natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping factors have been obtained from an experimental modal analysis performed on the machine and a mathematical model of the process has been developed from these modal parameters. This model has been used to detect the modes that have the greatest influence in system ringing when testing rubber at high strain rates, and to predict quantitatively the amplitudes of vibrations produced in the process. Material curves have been corrected by subtracting the predicted undulations from the original measurements, obtaining smooth curves that adequately reflect the real material behavior at high strain rates and, thus, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Although the research conducted in this work has been focused on rubber, the procedure can be extended equally to characterize other materials, thus constituting a valuable tool to correct experimental measurements contaminated by ringing.     

Haezendonck–Goovaerts risk measure with a heavy tailed loss

Recently Haezendonck–Goovaerts (H–G) risk measure has received much attention in (re)insurance and portfolio management. Some nonparametric inferences have been proposed in the literature. When the loss variable does not have enough moments, which depends on the involved Young function, the nonparametric estimator in Ahn and Shyamalkumar (2014) has a nonnormal limit, which challenges interval estimation. Motivated by the fact that many loss variables in insurance and finance could have a heavier tail such as an infinite variance, this paper proposes a new estimator which estimates the tail by extreme value theory and the middle part nonparametrically. It turns out that the proposed new estimator always has a normal limit regardless of the tail heaviness of the loss variable. Hence an interval with asymptotically correct confidence level can be obtained easily either by the normal approximation method via estimating the asymptotic variance or by a bootstrap method. A simulation study and real data analysis confirm the effectiveness of the proposed new inference procedure for estimating the H–G risk measure.     

Adaptive Fourier decomposition‐based Dirac type time‐frequency distribution

The Dirac‐type time‐frequency distribution (TFD), regarded as ideal TFD, has long been desired. It, until the present time, cannot be implemented, due to the fact that there has been no appropriate representation of signals leading to such TFD. Instead, people have been developing other types of TFD, including the Wigner and the windowed Fourier transform types. This paper promotes a practical passage leading to a Dirac‐type TFD. Based on the proposed function decomposition method, viz., adaptive Fourier decomposition, we establish a rigorous and practical Dirac‐type TFD theory. We do follow the route of analytic signal representation of signals founded and developed by Garbo, Ville, Cohen, Boashash, Picinbono, and others. The difference, however, is that our treatment is theoretically throughout and rigorous. To well illustrate the new theory and the related TFD, we include several examples and experiments of which some are in comparison with the most commonly used TFDs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

早期视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者倍频固体激光治疗对临床疗效及CMT值变化的影响

本文探讨了早期视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者倍频固体激光治疗对临床疗效及黄斑中心视网膜厚度(CMT)值变化的影响。将因视网膜分支静脉阻塞行激光治疗的30例患者纳入激光组,同期行常规治疗的30例患者纳入对照组,对比两组临床疗效、视力、CMT值变化、眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)检查渗透率及并发症。结果显示,治疗后激光组患者临床治疗总有效率、各个时间点视力变化、CMT值及FFA检查渗透发生率均优于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者均随访6个月,并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。说明早期视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者使用倍频固体激光治疗临床效果显著,可有效提高其视力水平,降低CMT值。